Author: Peni Hanggarini
Dr. Peni Hanggarini is a senior lecturer at Paramadina University’s Graduate School of Diplomacy, specializing in defense diplomacy and maritime security. She earned her Ph.D. from Indonesia’s Defense University and M.A. from the Australian National University. A 2024 SPEAR Fellow, she has published in The Journal of Indo-Pacific Affairs and authored Maritime Defense Diplomacy in International Relations (2025). Her work focuses on ASEAN strategy, Indo-Pacific geopolitics, and Indonesia’s maritime diplomacy.
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Sandy Cay Flag Standoff: A Brewing Firestorm in the South China Sea — Here’s Why
A flag war unfolded on a disputed sandbank in the South China Sea between China and the Philippines. No shots were fired, but the symbolism was deafening. Last week, four Chinese coast guard officials conducted maritime control and planted flags ...