Although China has successfully leveraged its strengths in COVID-19 vaccine production to replenish its reservoir of goodwill in many developing countries, elsewhere Beijing is facing growing resistance to its increasingly assertive foreign policy agenda.

The U.S. is mobilizing friends and allies to build large coalitions designed to confront China. In Asia, Beijing’s territorial claims in the South China Sea polarize many of its neighbors and in Africa and the Americas civil society groups are furious over the destructive impact of Chinese engagement in their regions.